What is the border dispute with China?

Before understanding the border dispute with China, it is important to understand a little geography. India shares a 3,488-km-long border with China. This border is divided into three sectors - Eastern, Central and Western.

In the eastern sector, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh share a border with China, which is 1346 km long. The middle sector is bordered by Himachal and Uttarakhand, whose length is 545 km. At the same time, Ladakh comes in the western sector, with which China has a 1,597 km long border.

China claims 90,000 sq km of Arunachal Pradesh. Whereas, about 38 thousand square km of Ladakh is occupied by China. Apart from this, in an agreement signed on March 2, 1963, Pakistan gave 5,180 sq km of PoK land to China.

In 1956-57, China built a highway from Xinjiang to Tibet. He passed the road of this highway through Aksai Chin. At that time Aksai Chin was with India. On passing the road, the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote a letter to Chinese President Zhou In Lai. Zhou responded by raising the issue of the border dispute and claimed that 13,000 sq km of its territory is occupied by India. Zhou also said that his country does not believe in the McMahon Line set in 1914.

 

What is this McMahon Line?

 

In 1914, a conference was held in Shimla. There were three parties – Britain, China and Tibet. In this conference, some important decisions related to the border were taken. Henry McMahon was the Foreign Secretary of British India at that time. He drew an 890-km-long border between British India and Tibet. This was called the McMahon Line. In this line, Arunachal Pradesh was described as a part of India.

After independence, India accepted the McMahon Line, but China refused to accept it. China claimed that Arunachal is part of southern Tibet and since Tibet is occupied by it, Arunachal also happened to it.

 

Why doesn't China believe this line?

China does not believe in the McMahon Line. He says that when the agreement was reached between British India and Tibet in 1914, he was not present there. He says that Tibet has been part of him, so he cannot take any decision on his own. When the agreement was reached in 1914, Tibet used to be an independent country. In 1950, China occupied Tibet.

 

Which parts of India have disputes with China?

 

1.      Pangong Tso Lake (Ladakh)  पैंगोंग त्सो झील

This lake is 134 kilometers long, which is located at an altitude of about 14 thousand feet in the Himalayas. The lake covers 44 km in India and about 90 km in China. LAC also passes through this lake. Because of this, there is confusion here and there is a dispute between the two countries here.

 

2.  Galwan Valley (Ladakh)

Galwan Valley is located between Ladakh and Aksai Chin. Here the LAC separates Aksai Chin from India. This valley extends to China's southern Xinjiang and India's Ladakh. In June 2020, there was a violent clash in the Galvan Valley.

 

3.  Doklam (Bhutan) डोकलाम 

Although Doklam is a dispute between Bhutan and China, it falls near the Sikkim border. It is a kind of tri-junction, from where China, Bhutan and India are close. Both Bhutan and China claim this area. India supports Bhutan's claim. In 2017, there was tension between India and China on Doklam for about two and a half months.

Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) तवांग 

China has always been eyeing Tawang falling in Arunachal Pradesh. Tawang is a major shrine of Buddhists. It is also called Asia's largest Buddhist monastery. China has been describing Tawang as part of Tibet. In the agreement signed in 1914, Tawang was described as part of Arunachal. In the 1962 war, China occupied Tawang, but had to give up its occupation under the ceasefire.

 

Nathu La (Sikkim) नाथू ला

Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas. It connects Sikkim in India and the Chumbi Valley of southern Tibet. It is at an altitude of 14,200 feet. This is important for India because pilgrims pass through Kailash mansarovar yatra. There is no dispute between India and China about Nathu La. But here too, there have been occasional reports of clashes between the Armies of India and China.

 

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